FLASH
Shkruar nga Ben Andoni
Thinking about the backlog of Justice files, the problems and corruption of the Cadastre, the employment problems, those related to small businesses, and many others, you understand how difficult it is with the authorities.
Democracy has long been a household name in the family of democratic countries, and its articulation is becoming pathetic because even those who are most ardent in its favor clearly understand that today it has become a bitter reality, while Populism is otherwise gaining ground and even respect. Philosopher Jan-Werner Müller, through the book “What is Populism”, has explained Populism with a metaphor: “The permanent shadow effect of representative democracy”. The biggest differences between Democracy and Populism lie in the fact that Democracy respects the majority by delegating power to the elected, even though the acts of the latter often do not meet expectations, while Populism claims that any action of the government that has populist declarations in essence cannot be opposed because “the people” have decided.
There are Populists today who no longer hide, while their “right” arguments leave no room for the bitter truth, as well as for the unsustainable path that awaits us. Beppe Grillo and Matteo Salvini in Italy are not afraid of directly defending Populism: “I tell the truth and they call me a fascist, a racist, an ugly, dirty, evil, xenophobic populist,” Salvini said in an interview. Republicans in America are now truly populists and for this they have no need to hide at all. President Trump no longer knows any normal limits when it comes to confronting democracy. The corruption and decadence of liberalization, represented by Biden’s Democrats, gave the nonsense the right fuel. Timothy Snyder, the American historian and publicist, who greatly appealed to the trend during the Trump-1 era, described this entire path of degradation of Democracy in 21 open lectures, explaining that this time is bringing back the bitterness of the 1930s, the situation before the carnage of the Second World War.
Our Albania is facing Populism at every moment, starting from Mr. Rama's rhetoric regarding the support and use of the voice of the masses and the way Berisha has been addressing the people for weeks (we are not addressing the time when he was in power). And, there is a bitter truth here: The situation in Albania is problematic and the irreversible flight of people is becoming traumatic. Finally, Berisha is using the findings from the belated OSCE-ODHIR report on the general elections, where a mountain of problems were identified. In addition to others, the consequence is also bringing another problem: Few voices in the DP can articulate that Berisha's time at the head of the DP is over, when he has merged his discourse with the "popular" concern for change. Not in vain, the biggest opponents over the years have always returned, while the current Democrats continue to say that without Berisha at the head, it is impossible! Among the opponents, the SP, the chorus is incessant: Whoever wins must stay in power... And Rama fulfills all the expectations of the monolithic and obedient party structure he has established and the administration, which has turned into a spear army that gives him votes for everything he does.
Theoretically, Populism is associated with a sophisticated ideology that divides society into “pure people” and “corrupt elites”. The articulation of populists is as always: Politics is an expression of the general will of the people. In all activities and assemblies with the Socialist Party, Rama has spoken only with a populism that makes institutions almost non-existent. Rama, with the help of “popular concern”, brought out the list of bureaucrats of various levels who have created concerns and who, due to the verticality of power, people denounce them directly to him. The head of government seems to be satisfied that concerns go directly to him and the media is very keen, due to the effect and clicks, to show how only Rama listens to the concerns of the common people. What he did in the summer with the request (read the orders for resignation) was unprecedented. On the other hand, dialogue and attributes in institutions, as well as the involvement of Civil Society, no longer work, because they are part of the elites. Only Rama supports the Voice of the People. A frightening parallelism even with communism. Paradoxically, the institutions of liberal democracy are no longer useful. Then add the usual label that is given to the media: Kazan. Without any doubt: Populism in Albania is bitterly challenging the country's fragile democracy.
Në realitet, institucionet tek ne kanë pabesueshmëri dhe kjo nuk do shumë gjykim. Të mendosh stoqet e dosjeve të Drejtësisë, problemet dhe korrupsionin e Kadastrës, problemet e punësimit, ato që lidhen me bizneset e vogla, e shumë të tjera, e kupton sesa vështirë është me autoritetet. Nuk është nevoja si shembull për krerët e socialistëve që po shkojnë si në procesion të SPAK-u, por më shumë se kaq shpërdorimi i institucioneve prej tyre, ku besimi mbetet në nivele fare të ulëta.
Ndërkohë përçarja në vend që vjen qysh nga mungesa e besimit në parlament është më shumë se e hidhur. Retorika populiste: “Ne” dhe “ata” është e qartë kudo. PD nuk erdhi së fundmi te mitingu i UÇK-së në Tiranë vetëm se iu duk se Rama krijoi të gjitha kushtet dhe do merrte protagonizmin, edhe pse ky i fundit nuk mori pjesë. Njerëzit e PS-së s’dalin përballë PD në asnjë emision televiziv dhe nuk shfaqen madje as në debatet që kërkohen moralisht për zgjedhje. Aq e hidhur është kjo, saqë duke shfrytëzuar retorikën nacionaliste-populiste, PD-ja e Djathtë shkon me Kurtin e VV së Majtë vetëm se ai shkon keq me Ramën. Media, ku realiteti është më i hidhur, shpesh manipulohet për të përhapur dezinformata, thjesht për të amplifikuar emocionet e publikut dhe për ta kontrolluar diskursin publik. Pakkujt i bën përshtypje se po bllokohet rruga e Shqipërisë drejt Integrimit Evropian, pasi politikat populiste shpesh bien ndesh me vlerat dhe standardet e BE-së, e megjithatë demokracia shqiptare e ka treguar se ka jashtëzakonisht probleme. Sërish, në ndihmë na vjen filozofi gjerman Jan-Ëerner Müller që në librin e tij e shpjegon shkuarjen drejt Populizmit me pak cinizëm, tek “premtimet e papërmbushura të demokracisë” që “thjesht nuk mund të përmbushen”. Ndërsa e shpjegon edhe më mirë teknologjinë e mendimit të tyre: “Shumë fitues populistë vazhdojnë të sillen si viktima; shumicat veprojnë si pakica të keqtrajtuara.”. Kurse Popper, megjithëse nuk i jetoi këto dy dekada ndryshimesh të mëdha i pa ndryshe, gjithnjë në kufi të çështjeve që trajtoi me Historicizmin: “Pse të gjitha këto filozofi shoqërore mbështesin revoltën kundër qytetërimit? Dhe cili është sekreti i popullaritetit të tyre? Pse tërheqin dhe joshin kaq shumë intelektualë? Jam i prirur të mendoj se arsyeja është se ato shprehin një pakënaqësi të thellë me një botë që nuk i përmbush dhe nuk mund t’i përmbushë idealet tona morale dhe ëndrrat tona për përsosmëri…”.
Everyone sees it but they can't stop the Populists who know how to exploit the voice of the people, through the charisma of the people who raise this concern, but never by pointing the finger of blame at themselves, a fact that in true democracy usually happens with changes in majorities. There is also a more bitter side that even studies that show the phenomenon of populism are falling on deaf ears. A paper in the "American Economic Review" that analyzed the performance of 51 populist presidents and prime ministers from 1900 to 2020 found that on average after 15 years, gross domestic product per capita tends to be 10% lower in countries led by populist leaders than in similar economies with more conventional regimes. “Economic disintegration, the decline of macroeconomic stability and the erosion of institutions usually go hand in hand with populist rule,” argue the authors of the paper, Manuel Funke, Moritz Schularick and Christoph Trebesch, quoted by “The Guardian.” The breath of populism is now very close and it seems to be doing quite well.
Lini një Përgjigje